Outage probability computation in multi-backscatter systems with multi-modes of operation

In this article, we study the outage performance of an ambient multi-backscatter system supported by non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) downlink transmission, where legacy users receive information either directly from base station (BS) or backscatter devices (BDs) as well. Specifically, characterize network connections between BS and into three modes operation. first mode, communicates with via BDs exploiting NOMA. second employing selection combining (SC) beamforming. third signals both simultaneously, using maximal ratio (MRC) to combine links at users. Consequently, derive exact expressions each mode utilize Monte Carlo simulations validate individual expressions.